徐州叉車-不論哪種類型的叉車，基本上都由以下4大部分構成：

(1)動力部(bu)分。為叉車提(ti)供動力，一(yi)般裝于叉車的后部(bu)，兼起平衡配(pei)重作用。

(2)底盤。接(jie)受動力裝置的動力，使叉車運動，并保證其正常行走。

(3)工作部分。用(yong)以叉(cha)取(qu)和升降貨物。

(4)電氣設備

由于組成叉(cha)車的(de)(de)以(yi)上4大部分的(de)(de)結(jie)構和安裝位置的(de)(de)差異，形成了不同種(zhong)類的(de)(de)叉(cha)車。平(ping)衡(heng)重式叉(cha)車是叉(cha)車的(de)(de)一種(zhong)普通形式。下面(mian)以(yi)該類叉(cha)車為例，介紹叉(cha)車各部分的(de)(de)組成。

1、動力部分

內(nei)燃叉車(che)(che)(che)的動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力部(bu)分大多是以(yi)(yi)往復*塞式(shi)(shi)內(nei)燃機(ji)(ji)為動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力。它(ta)有汽油機(ji)(ji)、柴油機(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)液(ye)態石油氣機(ji)(ji)；電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)叉車(che)(che)(che)的動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力裝置是蓄電(dian)池(chi)和(he)直流(liu)串激電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)構成(cheng)。近年(nian)來(lai)，又有新(xin)型叉車(che)(che)(che)問(wen)世，它(ta)們的動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力是雙燃料或(huo)雙動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力。傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)是接受(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力并把動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力傳(chuan)遞(di)給行(xing)駛系(xi)(xi)的裝置。它(ta)一般機(ji)(ji)械(xie)式(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)和(he)液(ye)力機(ji)(ji)械(xie)式(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)兩種(zhong)。前(qian)者(zhe)由摩擦(ca)(ca)式(shi)(shi)離合器、齒(chi)輪變速器、萬向傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置及(ji)裝在驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)橋(qiao)內(nei)的主傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置和(he)差(cha)速器組成(cheng)；后(hou)者(zhe)以(yi)(yi)液(ye)力變距器取代(dai)摩擦(ca)(ca)式(shi)(shi)離合器，其余部(bu)分與(yu)前(qian)者(zhe)相(xiang)同。近年(nian)來(lai)，又有新(xin)型叉車(che)(che)(che)問(wen)世，采用(yong)全(quan)液(ye)壓傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統。減少了(le)(le)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的元件，保(bao)證了(le)(le)可靠性。

2、底盤部分

行駛(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)保(bao)證叉(cha)車(che)滾(gun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)運(yun)行并支撐整(zheng)個叉(cha)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，由(you)(you)支架(jia)、車(che)橋(qiao)(qiao)、車(che)輪以(yi)及懸架(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)等組(zu)成(cheng)；叉(cha)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)橋(qiao)(qiao)為驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)橋(qiao)(qiao)，這是(shi)為了*大有(you)(you)載搬(ban)運(yun)時的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)橋(qiao)(qiao)軸荷，以(yi)提高驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪上的(de)(de)(de)附著質量，使(shi)地(di)面附著力(li)(li)(li)增(zeng)加，以(yi)確保(bao)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)得以(yi)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)發(fa)(fa)揮。其后橋(qiao)(qiao)為轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)橋(qiao)(qiao)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)位于(yu)駕(jia)(jia)駛(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)方，變(bian)速桿等操(cao)縱(zong)桿件(jian)置(zhi)于(yu)駕(jia)(jia)駛(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)坐位的(de)(de)(de)右側。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)用(yong)來使(shi)叉(cha)車(che)按著駕(jia)(jia)駛(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)意愿(yuan)所(suo)決定的(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)行走(zou)的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統，叉(cha)車(che)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)按轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)，可分(fen)(fen)為機(ji)械轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)兩種(zhong)。前(qian)者(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)駕(jia)(jia)駛(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)體能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)為轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，由(you)(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)器、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)構和(he)操(cao)縱(zong)機(ji)構3部分(fen)(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)；后者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)兼用(yong)駕(jia)(jia)駛(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)體能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)為轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。在正常情況下，叉(cha)車(che)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)所(suo)需能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)*，只有(you)(you)很(hen)小一(yi)部分(fen)(fen)由(you)(you)駕(jia)(jia)駛(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)提供，大部分(fen)(fen)是(shi)由(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)通過轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)加力(li)(li)(li)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)提供。但在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)加力(li)(li)(li)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)失效時，一(yi)般還應(ying)當能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)由(you)(you)駕(jia)(jia)駛(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)*立承(cheng)擔(dan)汽車(che)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)任務。叉(cha)車(che)作業時，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)行走(zou)多變(bian)，為減(jian)輕駕(jia)(jia)駛(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)操(cao)縱(zong)負擔(dan)，內(nei)燃叉(cha)車(che)多采用(yong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。常使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)有(you)(you)整(zheng)體式動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)器、半整(zheng)體式動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)器和(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)加力(li)(li)(li)器3種(zhong)。制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)使(shi)叉(cha)車(che)減(jian)速或停車(che)的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統。它(ta)由(you)(you)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器和(he)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)構組(zu)成(cheng)。制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)按制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)可分(fen)(fen)為人力(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)伺服制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)3種(zhong)。前(qian)者(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)駕(jia)(jia)駛(shi)員(yuan)(yuan)體能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)為制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)；中者(zhe)(zhe)完(wan)全依靠發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)化而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)壓或液壓形式的(de)(de)(de)勢能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)為制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)；后者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)前(qian)者(zhe)(zhe)和(he)中者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)合。

在平衡重式叉車(che)(che)上，叉車(che)(che)后(hou)部(bu)設有(you)平衡重，以平衡叉車(che)(che)前部(bu)的貨(huo)物的質量，叉車(che)(che)的動力(li)裝置(zhi)(內燃(ran)機)或蓄電池，一般裝在叉車(che)(che)后(hou)部(bu)，以起(qi)到部(bu)分平衡作用(yong)。

3、工作部分

工(gong)作部分是叉車進行裝(zhuang)卸作業的直接(jie)工(gong)作機(ji)構(gou)，它由下列(lie)5部分組成：

(1)取(qu)物工(gong)具。它是以(yi)貨叉(cha)為代(dai)表的多種工(gong)作屬具，用以(yi)叉(cha)取(qu)、夾取(qu)、鏟取(qu)貨物。

(2)起重貨架。用(yong)來安裝貨叉(cha)或其他(ta)工(gong)作屬具，并拖動貨物一起升降。

(3)門(men)(men)架。它是工(gong)作(zuo)裝(zhuang)置的骨架，工(gong)作(zuo)裝(zhuang)置的大部(bu)分零部(bu)安裝(zhuang)在門(men)(men)架上。兩節(jie)式(shi)門(men)(men)架由外門(men)(men)架和可沿(yan)外門(men)(men)架上、下升降的內門(men)(men)架組(zu)成；三節(jie)式(shi)門(men)(men)架由內、中、外3個門(men)(men)架組(zu)成。

(4)門架傾(qing)斜(xie)機構。實現門架的(de)前后傾(qing)斜(xie)，主要由傾(qing)斜(xie)油缸組成(cheng)。

(5)起升機(ji)構。拖動(dong)(dong)(dong)貨(huo)物(wu)上、下升降(jiang)的動(dong)(dong)(dong)力裝置(zhi)和牽引裝置(zhi)。主(zhu)要由鏈輪、鏈條和帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)貨(huo)架升降(jiang)的起升油缸組成。

(6)液(ye)壓操(cao)縱系統。它是對(dui)(dui)貨物的(de)升降和(he)門架(jia)的(de)傾斜以及對(dui)(dui)其他由液(ye)壓系統完成(cheng)的(de)動(dong)作，實現(xian)適(shi)時控制裝置的(de)總合。它由液(ye)壓元件、管路(lu)和(he)操(cao)縱機構等(deng)組成(cheng)。

4、電氣設備

電(dian)氣設(she)備主(zhu)要由蓄電(dian)池、叉車(che)照明、各種警(jing)告(gao)、警(jing)報信(xin)號裝置以及其他電(dian)氣元件和線路組(zu)成(cheng)。電(dian)瓶叉車(che)有(you)(you)串激直流電(dian)機(ji)；內燃機(ji)叉車(che)有(you)(you)電(dian)動起動機(ji)；此外，汽油機(ji)叉車(che)還有(you)(you)高壓電(dian)火花點火裝置。